Figure 1.Dual oncogenic activation and molecular crosstalk of MAPK and PI3K/AKT pathways in papillary thyroid carcinoma(A) representing the activation of MAPK and PI3K/AKT pathways through oncogenic mutations (BRAF, RAS, RET/PTC, NTRK), RTK overexpression, GPCR signaling, and PTEN deficiency. (B) Cross-talk between pathways is facilitated by common upstream activators, RAS signaling, mTOR integration, and feedback signaling. Compensation for activation in resistant cancers is shown.
